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The stimulation pattern for induction of STP employed in this study was different from the LTP-inducing stimulation patterns employed in recent studies in that the former is composed of periodic burst of 50 Hz trains and the latter uses evenly spaced pulses at 2–8 Hz (Salin et al., 1996; Linden, 1997; Chavis et al., 1998; Linden and Ahn, 1999; Jacoby et al., 2001). Although the averaged numbers of stimuli of the both stimulations fall in the same range (5 times/s versus 2–8 Hz), bursting action potentials at the PF terminal might result in much higher accumulation of Ca2+ in presynapse which would result in a different consequence, i.e., STP, from the slow and evenly spaced arrival of action potentials. 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